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貧窮的本顏 POOR ECONOMICS tion: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments in India." Quarterly Jourmat of Economics 122 （3） （August 2007）：1235-1264. 24.Abhijit Banerjee, Rukmini Banerji, Esther Duflo, Rachel Glennerstet, and Stuti Khemani， "Pitfalls of Participatory Programs: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Education in India，” American Ecomomic Journal: Economic Policy 2 （1） （February 2010）： 1-30. 25. Trang Nguyen， "Information, Role Models, and Perceived Returns to Education： Experimental Evidence from Madagascar.”" MIT Working Paper （2008）. 26. Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo， "Growth Theory Through the Lens of Development Economics，" in Steve Durlauf and Philippe Aghion, eds.， Handbook of Economic Grouth， vol. 1A （Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd./North Holland, 2005）， Pp. 473-552. 27.A. D. Foster and M. R. Rosenzweig，"Technical Change and Human Capical Returns and Investments: Evidence from the Green Revolution” American Economic Review 86 （4） （September 1996）：931-953. 28. Richard Akresh, Emilie Bagby, Damien de Walque, and Harounan Kazianga， “Child Ability and Household Human Capital Investment Decisions in Burkina Faso"” University of illinois at Urbana-Champaign （2010）， mimeo. 29. Felipe Barrera-Osorio, Marianne Bertrand, Leigh Linden, and Francisco Perez Calle， "Conditional Cash Transfers in Education: Design Features, Peer and Sibling EffectsEvidence from a Randomized Experiment in Colombia” NBER Working Paper W13890 （2008）- 30. Esther Duflo, Pascaline Dupas, and Michael Kremer， "Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives， and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya”' NBER Working Paper W14475 （2008）. 31.The Probe Team, Public Report on Basic Education in India （New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999）. 32. Rema Hanna and Leigh Linden， "Measuring Discrimination in Education：” NBER Working Paper W15057 （2009）. 33. Steven Spencer, Claude Steele, and Diane Quinn， "Stereotype Threat and Women's Math Performance.” Journal of Experimental Social. Psychology 35 （1999）： 4-28; and Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson，"Stereotype Threat and the Test Performance of Academically Successful African Americans；” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 （5） （1995）：797-811. 34. Karla Hoff and Priyank Pandey "Belief Systems and Durable Inequalities: An Experimental Investigation of Indian Caste.，”"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3351 （2004）. 35. Paul Glewwe, Michael Kremer, and Sylvie Moulin， "Textbooks and Test Scores: Evidence from a Prospective Evaluation in Kenya” BREAD Working Paper （2000）. 36.Eric Gould,Victor Lavy, and Daniele Paserman，"Fifty-Five Years After the Magic Carpet Ride: The Long-Run Effect of the Early Childhood Environment on Social and Eco244
注釋 nomic Outcome” Review of Economic Studies （2010）， forthcoming. 37.Joshua Angrist, Susan Dynarski, Thomas Kane, Parag Pathak, and Christopher Walters， “Who Benefits from KIPP？” NBER Working Paper 15740 （2010）； Atila Abdulkadiroglu， Joshua Angrist, Susan Dynarski, Thomas Kane, and Parag Pathak， "Accountability and Flexibility in Public Schools: Evidence from Boston's Charters and Pilots."” NBER Working Paper 15549 （2009）；Wil Dobbie and Roland Fryer， " Are High Quality Schooks Enough to Close the Achievement Gap? Evidence from a Social Experiment in Harlem” NBER Working Paper 15473 （2009）. 38. C. Walters， "Urban Charter Schools and Racial Achievement Gaps；” MIT （2010）， mimeo. 39. Pascaline Dupas, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer， "Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives， and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya”” American Economic Review, forthcoming. 40.Trang Nguyen， "Information, Role Models and Perceived Returns to Education: Experimental Evidence from Madagascar” MIT Working Paper （2008）. 41. Robert Jensen， "The （Perceived） Returns to Education and the Demand for Schooling." Quarterly Journal of Economics 125 （2） （2010）： 515-548. 42. Michael Kremer, Edward Miguel, and Rebecca Thornton， "Incentives to Learn.” Review of Economics and Statistics, forthcoming. 43. Roland Fryer， "Financial Incentives and Student Achievement: Evidenice from Randomized Trials，” Harvard University, manuscript （2010）. 44.Abhijit Banerjee, Shawn Cole, Esther Dufo, and Leigh Linden， "Remedying Education: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments in India" Quarterly Joumal of Economics 122 （3） （August 2007）： 1235-1264. 45.This may be helped by making sure that money is never a factor in a students decision to attend the best schools and that there is a way to make it happen. In Chile, in a largely voucher-based system, the poorest students are given an extra voucher, but any school that accepts voucher students （all but a handful of elite schools） must admit these students at no additional cost. To make this system fully operational, students and parents should, however， be better informed that they have this option, and the results of regular standardized assessments should be regularly examined to identify the most promising students everywhere in che country.